(c)+DNA+replication

 __ What is DNA? __ Each strand carries its instructions as coded messages using different chemical compounds called nucleotide bases or organic bases. The DNA molecule is made up of nucleotide that contains a base and a sugar-phosphate backbone. There are millions of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, but there are only 4 different chemical compounds called Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine. One nucleotide can only have one of those chemical compounds, which will join with another nucleotide and form a strand. However, these bondings follow a particular pattern. Adenine can only bond with Thymine and Guanine can only bond with cytosine. Adenine and Thymine bases are called the purines and Thymine and Guanine bases are called the pyrimidine.

__ What is DNA replication? __

DNA has a very autonomous self-replication mechanism in action. Two strands of DNA are made use by the replication process. Each of the strands act as templates, and after a series of steps, they are converted back to dual stranded DNA again. This process is very important because when the cell divides, the newly formed cell needs the same set of information for it to grow and function. This replication process replicates the DNA and serves this purpose. DNA replication is a biological process which occurs in every single human being. As the name suggests DNA replication is the process that copies DNA and creates new DNA strands, which are exactly identical to the original DNA strands.

In DNA replication one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of that molecule. This process is part of biological inheritance, in which the process of DNA replication copies genetic information by splitting (or unzipping) the DNA strands and using each strand as a template for synthesis for a new partner strand. These are the basic building blocks in biology and reproduction.


 * __ ﻿How does DNA replicate? __ **

A cell must duplicate, or replicate, all of its DNA before it can divide. In eukaryotes, this process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, called the DNA Synthesis phase. During this phase, each chromosone replicates exactly once to form a pair of physically linked sister chromatids. The replication happens in two origin. Sometimes the origins happen not just in two points, but more than it. In animal cells, a pair of centrioles is also duplicated during the S phase. In Prokaryotes, there is only one replication origin. Therefore only one DNA polymerize enzyme works at once.


 * ﻿ **
 * A short section of DNA with Six base pairs (3 purines and 3 pyrimidine). The Backbone is the brown ladder looking structure and the nucleotides are expressed as letters.x **

__[[image:dna_rep.gif]]﻿__
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media type="file" key="DNA Replication Process.flv" width="360" height="270" __How DNA replicates __
 * 1) **The two chains first separate, meaning the chemical bonds of nucleotides break. Each strand acts as a template for creating another strand.**
 * 2) **The supply of nucleotides find its place by following the template, meaning Thymine supply of nucleotide will bond with Guanine and vice versa.**
 * 3) **When all the supply of nucleotide has bonded with the separated strand's (or template) nucleotide, there are now two short sections of DNA, which are identical to one another and to the original short section. In other words, DNA has been replicated.**

Before a cell can reproduce, it must replicates first of, its DNA. Where DNA replication occurs depends upon whether the cells is a prokaryote or a eukaryote. DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Regardless of where DNA replication occurs, the basic process is the same. media type="youtube" key="hfZ8o9D1tus" height="349" width="425"


 * __Work Sited__ **


 * "DNA Replication." //DNA Replication//. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. **
 * <[]>. **
 * "DNA Replication." //Miniwiki//. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. <[]>. **


 * Pickering, W. R. //Complete Biology//. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Print. **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">(c) DNA Replication (Q 10-13) **
 * <span style="background: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">__ DNA Replication __ **
 * <span style="background: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"> Complete Biology: page 191(end of section 11.2 ). **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">(10) What is DNA replication? Write a good definition of this. **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">(11) Complete the following: **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Step 1: The two strands (sides) of the DNA _ **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">__Each strand acts as a__ _. **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">__Step2:__ _match up against each _. **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">We end up with two strands **


 * <span style="background: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"> (12) Copy the diagram in the middle of page 191, showing how DNA replicates ( Section 11.2 ). **


 * <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">(13) Find a good set of images or YouTube Video on DNA Replication and embed it here. **